Cleaning of tools for printing on textile
In a serigraphy production involving printing on textiles, a tool cleaning agent consisting of odourless kerosene has been replaced by a product based on vegetable oils and esters.
NS System A/S - Wednesday, January 10, 2007

Screen opener and cleaning fluid at label printing house
A large label printing house has abolished the use of a diluent containing large amounts of toluene (CAS No. 108-88-3 Toluene ) code-number 5-3. A product containing dibasic esters with code-number 1-1 is now used for automatic frame washing. As screen opener, a product with code-number 3-1 is used.
Skanem Hobro A/S - Wednesday, January 10, 2007

UV inks - serigraphy printing
In serigraphy printing on plastic film, solvent-based printing ink was formerly used. Today, UV inks are used.
Ole Nonbye a/s - Wednesday, January 10, 2007

Flame retardant without bromine
A flame retardant based on citric acid has been suggested as an alternative to brominated flame retardants on textiles, paper and decoration. The safety data sheet is available at http://www.pyrotech.dk/upload/pdf/9010%20-%209014.pdf .
Miljøkontrollen, København - Monday, December 18, 2006

Serigraphy - volatile screen opener/cleaning fluid
In serigraphy, a screen opener containing toluene, heptane, ethyl acetate (CAS No. 141-78-6 Ethyl acetate ) and isopropanol (code-number 5-3) was used. This has been replaced by a liquid with code-number 3-1, which contains benzine, acetone (CAS No. 67-64-1 Acetone ) and small amounts of isopropyl acetate and methoxy propanol, and a liquid with code-number 3-3, which contains gamma-butyrolactone and N-methylpyrrolidone.
Mekoprint A/S - Monday, December 11, 2006

Serigraphy - replacement of cleaning fluids
In serigraphy printing on glass, oil-based inks containing lead, cadmium and lithium were formerly used. As screen opener and to clean the frames, ink removers with several highly volatile components were used. Today, glass ink containing glycol ether and acetate is used. The ink can be removed with water, and a cleaning agent is therefore no longer needed. Occasionally, a frame cleaning agent containing butyldiglycol and propylene carbonate as main ingredients is used.
Scanglas A/S - Monday, November 27, 2006

Serigraphy - UV inks at small printing office
A small serigraphy printing office has replaced solvent-based inks with UV inks for most tasks.
Scandic Serigrafi - Monday, November 27, 2006

Solvent inks and UV inks for metal and fluorescent printing
In serigraphy printing on metal, vinyl and paper and in fluorescent printing, solvent inks were previously used. To avoid evaporation from inks and cleaning agents, UV inks are now used.
A/S BB Serigrafi & Offset - Monday, November 27, 2006

Serigraphy - degreasing of fabric in frames
In serigraphy printing on paper, cardboard, pasteboard, plastic, wood, and glass, the company now uses coated fabric, so that washing is completely avoided. Before, a soap solution was used for washing the fabric.
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, November 27, 2006

Suction of oil in connection with change of motor oil
When changing oil on a car through the drain plug, oil was often spilled. By using an oil suction apparatus, spills and thus use of strong cleaning agents were avoided.
Solrød Kommune - Wednesday, November 01, 2006

Alternatives to chlorine-containing lubricants for demanding metal working in stainless steel and titanium
Chloroparaffins are used in considerable amounts as high-pressure additives in metal working lubricants. They are considered risky in terms of health and the environment. The example is a summary of a project aimed at mapping existing alternative non-chlorinated lubricants for demanding non-cutting metal working tasks, testing the lubricating properties of selected lubricants, and evaluating the health-related and environmental properties of the lubricants.
Danish Environmental Protection Agency - Tuesday, February 14, 2006

Environmentally sounder alternatives to PFOS compounds and PFOA
Perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS) and a number of related perfluorated compounds (perfluorooctane acid (PFOA)) are used in numerous industrial and consumer products. These potentially hazardous compounds give rise to increasing concern. The example is a summary of a report evaluating whether suitable less hazardous alternatives can be found.
Miljøstyrelsen - Friday, February 03, 2006

Unleaded soldering of electronics
The experiences of five large Nordic companies in connection with substitution of leaded soldering products are described. As successful substitutes, tin/silver/copper compounds are mainly used.
SINTEF - Thursday, December 15, 2005

Permanent wave lotions for hairdressers
Permanent wave lotions for permanent-waving of hair almost always contain ammonia (CAS No. 7664-41-7 Ammonia ) and mercaptoacetic acid (CAS No. 68-11-1 α-Mercaptoacetic acid ). Hairdressers experience respiratory problems and skin irritation. An environmentally certified hairdresser has found a permanent wave lotion with amino acid instead of mercaptoacetic acid and ethanolamine instead of ammonia.
JobLiv Danmark as - Friday, November 11, 2005

Cleaning of baking sheets
For thorough cleaning of baking sheets in an oven, triple ammonia (labelled "Corrosive" and "evaporating") has been replaced by soft soap (labelled "Irritant").
JobLiv Danmark as - Tuesday, October 18, 2005

Phosphate-based flame retardants for plastic
Brominated flame retardants (suspected of being endocrine disrupters and feto-toxic) in plastic have been replaced by phosphate-based flame retardants.
JobLiv Danmark as - Thursday, January 06, 2005

Weed control without herbicides
Various alternatives to herbicides for weed control are reviewed in this example.
COWI A/S - Friday, August 06, 2004

Waterproofing of concrete cracks
For waterproofing of concrete constructions, acryl-based products can be used instead of products based on polyurethane.
COWI A/S - Friday, August 06, 2004

Biological fungicide for seeds
As an alternative to chemical fungicide-treatment of seeds, a commercial biological fungicide based on Gliocladium roseum, a very common fungus, has been developed.
COWI A/S - Thursday, August 05, 2004

CO2 as coolant in heat pumps
Greenhouse gases, e.g. HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), have typically been used as coolant in heat pumps. Instead, heat pumps with CO2 as coolant can be used.
COWI A/S - Thursday, August 05, 2004

Alternatives to PVC and phthalates
There are many alternatives to PVC and phthalates for use in office supplies, rainwear, outdoor wear, rubber boots and waders, toys etc. The Danish Environmental Protection Agency’s fact sheets comment on alternative plasticisers in PVC, alternative plastic types and completely other materials than plastic.
COWI A/S - Thursday, August 05, 2004

Alternatives to soft PVC in the construction industry
Soft PVC is used in the construction industry. Many PVC-free alternatives for use in signal and telephone cables, flexible wires/cables, installation cables, etc., are available.
COWI A/S - Thursday, August 05, 2004

Substitution of TGIC hardener in powder finish
The substance triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC (cas 2451-62-9 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate )) was used as hardener in the production of powder finish. TGIC is an allergenic and T-labelled substance. The example refers to a report comparing the environmental impacts that occur if TGIC is replaced by beta-hydroxy alkylamide. There are both advantages and disadvantages related to this substitution. Link to report with English abstract.
COWI A/S - Thursday, November 01, 2007

Reduced use of phthalates in the textile and clothes industry
In the textile and clothes industry, phthalates are used for softening PVC in connection with PVC-coated textiles, e.g. tents, tarpaulins, rainwear and work clothes. Plasticisers based on phosphate, benzoate or sulphonate can be used instead.
COWI A/S - Wednesday, August 04, 2004

Use of halogen-free fire retardants in fibre-reinforced polyethylene foils
Instead of halogen-containing fire retardants (especially brominated), it is possible to use halogen-free fire retardants in fibre-reinforced polyethylene foils.
COWI A/S - Wednesday, August 04, 2004

Band welder / bundling machine
Band welders use polystyrene bands that are hot welded together. Instead of hot welding, ultrasonic welding can be used.
JobLiv Danmark as - Tuesday, August 03, 2004

Replacement of biocides in bottom paint for ships with enzymes
The use of tributyltins, TBT, as anti-fouling agents for ships of less than 25 m has been forbidden in Denmark since 1991. The project collects information about many alternative biocides and examines whether proteolytic enzymes can replace the anti-fouling agents currently used in bottom paints, e.g. copper.
COWI A/S - Tuesday, August 03, 2004

Substitution of cobalt siccatives in air-drying paints
Cobalt siccatives, methyl ethyl ketoxime and hydroquinone are all chemical compounds used as additives in air-drying paints and inks. Due to their damaging effects on the environment and health, there is a general wish to reduce the use of these substances. Various alternatives to the substances concerned have been examined, as regards both their technical suitability and their effects on the environment and health, and assessed in relation to the present products.
COWI A/S - Tuesday, August 03, 2004

Constructive wood preservation
For industrial pressure-treatment of wood, impregnation products of the copper chrome arsenic type were used. An alternative method is constructive wood preservation.
COWI A/S - Tuesday, August 03, 2004

Environmentally sound sand blasting material
In the building and construction industry, sand blasting materials with quartziferous sand are used. Sand blasting products based on the inorganic part of sewage sludge have been developed. These products can replace the blasting products used hitherto.
COWI A/S - Tuesday, July 06, 2004

Vegetable mould release oil for concrete casting
Mineral mould release oils for casting moulds and machines have been replaced by vegetable oils.
COWI A/S - Monday, July 05, 2004

Jointing compound - from styrene to two component methacrylate
The company, which produces rollers for the printing industry, used a jointing product with 13-18% styrene. This product has now been replaced by a two component adhesive based on methacrylate and dibenzoyl.
H. Gerhardt A/S - Thursday, June 26, 2003

Fillers, jointing compounds and stoppings
In the building and construction industry, fillers and other stoppings containing epoxy and polyurethane, solvents or other volatile components are used. Many product groups are reviewed. Epoxy products for concrete renovation, for example, are replaced by polyacrylate-based products.
Miljøstyrelsen - Monday, May 26, 2003

Cleaning of printed circuit boards after soldering
Using freon for this purpose is prohibited in Denmark. Instead, an alkaline detergent in an industrial automatic dishwasher is used.
BST Århus - Monday, March 24, 2003

Reducing the use of chlorine-containing bleaching agents in the textile industry
The textile industry uses bleaching agents containing sodium chlorite, hypochlorite of soda and hydrogen peroxide together with hardly-degradable coordinate links. These can be replaced by hydrogen peroxide combined with more environmentally sound coordinate links, such as polycarboxylates, polyacrylates, hydroxy carboxyl acid or sugar copolymers.
COWI A/S - Sunday, May 23, 2004

Cleaning of cable ends
In maintenance work on the electricity supply network, the municipality formerly used benzine for cleaning off cable ends. Today, a water-based degreaser is used.
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, November 24, 2003

Alternative alloys to replace leaded bronzes
To replace leaded bronzes at foundries, cobber-based casting alloys, e.g. tin bronze consisting of cobber, tin (CAS No. 7440-31-5 Tin ) and lead 0.8% (CAS No. 7439-92-1 Lead ), can be used.
Industriens Branchearbejdsmiljøråd - Thursday, October 16, 2003

Vegetable cleaning agent for automatic washing on offset printing machines
In automatic washing systems on offset printing machines, rollers are cleaned with volatile cleaning agents. These can be replaced by vegetable cleaning agents.
JobLiv Danmark as - Wednesday, September 17, 2003

Offset printing without alcohol in the damping solution
A printing house has replaced a damping solution containing alcohol with a damping solution that does not contain alcohol.
JobLiv Danmark as - Tuesday, September 16, 2003

Cleaning of rubber blanket without using liquid
Volatile solvents are used for cleaning of rubber blankets on offset printing machines. A cleaning system using a pre-primed cleaning blanket can be used instead.
JobLiv Danmark as - Tuesday, September 16, 2003

Floor cleaning agent for dark wooden floors
At a residential nursing home, floor oil containing 65 per cent organic solvents was used for treating the floors. This has been replaced by cold-pressed linseed oil.
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, September 15, 2003

Vegetable printing inks
The company, which works with mineral printing inks, washed rollers and rubber blankets with organic solvents. By replacing the printing inks with vegetable printing inks, the frequency of cleaning was reduced.
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, September 15, 2003

Cleaning of screen rollers for flexo printing
A packing materials factory used organic solvents to clean screen rollers on flexo printing machines. The manual cleaning has been replaced by an alkaline cleaning bath containing sodium hydrogen carbonate (CAS No. 144-55-8 Baking soda ).
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, September 15, 2003

PU glue for packing materials
A packing materials factory formerly laminated foils with glue containing isocyanate TDI (toluene diisocyanate). The glue has now been replaced by PU glue that contains isocyanate MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate).
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, September 15, 2003

Glue based on dichloromethane replaced by dual adhesive tape
A company used glue based on dichloromethane (CAS No. 75-09-2 Dichloromethane ) to glue plastic plates on to polycarbonate plates. The glue can be replaced by dual adhesive tape.
Jern og Metalbranchens BST - Thursday, September 11, 2003

Cleaning of rollers with benzine
The company used benzine to remove talcum powder from rollers. Microfibre cloths can be used instead.
JobLiv Danmark as - Thursday, September 11, 2003

Cleaning of colour fibre nozzles with methylethyl ketone
The company used methylethyl ketone (MEK)(CAS No. 78-93-3 2-Butanone ) and dichloromethane (CAS No. 75-09-2 Dichloromethane ) for cleaning of colour fibre nozzles. Instead, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS No. 872-50-4 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone ) can be used.
JobLiv Danmark as - Wednesday, September 10, 2003

Methylene chloride for cleaning of nozzles in ultrasonic bath
The company used methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2 Dichloromethane ) in an ultrasonic bath to remove urethane acrylate from nozzles and filters. This has been replaced by cyclohexanone (CAS No. 108-94-1 Cyclohexanone ).
JobLiv Danmark as - Tuesday, April 04, 2006

Alternative to formamide for hybridisation
A laboratory used formamide (CAS No. 75-12-7 Formamide ) for in-situ hybridisation. Instead, dipropyleneglycol (CAS No. 25265-71-8 Dipropylene glycol ) or carbamide (urea) can be used.
JobLiv Danmark as - Wednesday, September 10, 2003

Styrene-free adhesive anchor system
In the building and construction industry, chemical adhesive anchor systems based on styrene were used for concreting steel reinforcement and threaded bars. Styrene-free products can be used. Many suppliers of adhesive anchor systems no longer sell adhesive anchor systems with styrene.
JobLiv Danmark as - Tuesday, September 02, 2003

Immunoblotting without methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1 Methanol )
A laboratory used methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1 Methanol ) when performing immunoblotting in accordance with the "Western blotting" method. This has been replaced by ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol ).
JobLiv Danmark as - Tuesday, September 02, 2003

Unleaded solder wire
A company which produces metal blanks for the electronics industry used leaded solder wire. This has been replaced by unleaded solder wire.
JobLiv Danmark as - Tuesday, April 04, 2006

From pesticides to annual ground cover
Planting up all public areas with annual ground cover, e.g. crimson clover, annual lupine, tansy-leaf phacelia and seed mixtures with different meadow plants, has been initiated, and pesticides have been eliminated.
JobLiv Danmark as - Friday, August 29, 2003

Oil in nail gun at saw mill
At a sawmill, mineral oil has been replaced by rape seed oil in a nail gun.
Arbejdstilsynet - Thursday, August 21, 2003

Roof flashing without lead
Roof flashing with materials that contain lead can be replaced by a material that contains aluminium.
Poul-E Meier ApS - Wednesday, August 27, 2003

From solvent to demineralised water
Degreasers with solvents, including chlorated solvents, for washing of metal blanks were replaced by a fully automatic washing system with strong or weak alkaline degreasers or demineralised water.
Grundfos A/S - Monday, August 25, 2003

Paraffin preservation without xylene
For animal preservation, xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7 dimethylbenzene ) or toluene (CAS No. 108-88-3 Toluene ) was used. Purified kerosene can be used instead.
Zoologisk Museum - Monday, August 25, 2003

Carcinogenic substance for analysis of fatty acid
At a university, the students used chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3 Chloroform ) to determine free fatty acid in oil. A method based on ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol ) can replace the use of chloroform.
Biocentrum, DTU - Friday, August 22, 2003

Cleaning of stainless blanks by means of hydrofluoric acid
After TIC welding, a workshop cleaned the metal blanks with hydrofluoric acid. The use of a machine with phosphoric acid has replaced the hydrofluoric acid.
Biocentrum, Technical University of Denmark - Tuesday, April 04, 2006

Pregnant housepainters and chemical products
Several examples describe the assessment of pregnant women's use of paint products.
MALER BST - Thursday, August 21, 2003

Removal of surplus colour with IPA spirit
To remove surplus colour when manufacturing number plates, the company used IPA spirit with ethanol 90% (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol ) and 2-propanol 10%. The development of a tool consisting of a hollow handle with a cotton core reduced the risk of skin contact consi
Kayser Plast - Monday, July 07, 2003

Colour paste without phthalates for acrylics
Many of the colour pastes used for colouring acrylics in the plastics industry are based on dibutyl phthalate. Colour paste based on citric acid ester is now available.
Repsol Brønderslev A/S - Wednesday, July 02, 2003

Cleaning after polymerisation of acrylate plastic
For cleaning of mixing tubes after polymerisation of acrylate plastic, the company used methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2 Dichloromethane ). A process in which the mixing tubes are cleaned with hot water (90° C) in a high-pressure washing system has now been introduced.
Repsol Brønderslev A/S - Tuesday, April 04, 2006

Surface-active substances for leak testing of plastic welds
For leak testing welds in plastic tubs, the company used a product that caused skin problems. The product has been replaced by ordinary sulphone.
BST Sjælland - Tuesday, July 01, 2003

Water-based degreasing of aluminium
Many companies use solvent-based agents, primarily trichloroethylene, for degreasing metal. Water-based agents can be used for degreasing steel, aluminium and several other metals.
Miljøstyrelsen - Monday, May 26, 2003

Epoxy primer replaced by polyvinyl butyral primer
For priming of steel blanks in a system, a company used a dual component epoxy primer. The epoxy primer has been replaced by a dual component polyvinyl butyral primer (PVB primer).
BST Århus - Tuesday, March 25, 2003

Microfibre cloths for cleaning of metal surfaces
The company used cleaning agents containing solvents for cleaning electronic equipment cabinets. The cleaning agent has been replaced by microfibre cloths with clean water or mild detergent.
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, March 24, 2003

Replacement of lead in alloy
For plastic moulding, a company is using an alloy containing lead. Testing a mixture of bismuth and tin instead of lead is suggested.
BST Sjælland - Monday, March 24, 2003

Removal of acrylate residue without using dichloromethane
Metal nozzles used for coating optical fibres are cleaned from acrylate residues in an ultrasonic bath filled with dibasic esters; thereafter continued operation of the tools. Originally dichloromethane was used, then N-methylpyrrolidone was tested, and finally DBE (dibasic esters) were adopted.
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, March 24, 2003

Painting of lines on car decks
A shipping company used solvent-based paint that contained lead chromate (CAS No. 7758-97-6 Lead Chromate ) to paint lines on car decks. This paint has been replaced by water-based paint.
Søfartens Arbejdsmiljøråd - Monday, March 24, 2003

Replacement of chlorine
Chlorine was used for cleaning of dairy test tubes (milk test tubes). Now, rodalon water (benzalkonium chloride) is used instead.
BST Svendborg - Monday, March 24, 2003

Cleaning of engine parts
Large amounts of solvents were formerly used for cleaning of engine parts. An alkaline heavy-duty cleaner with code-number 00-1 when diluted is now used instead.
Forsvarets BST - Monday, March 24, 2003

Boiler water systems without hydrazine as oxygen absorbent
Hydrazine, which is carcinogenic, is used as oxygen absorbent in boiler water to avoid corrosion. There are many alternative products that do not contain hydrazine.
DTC - Monday, March 24, 2003

Methylene chloride for cleaning of plastic before gluing
For degreasing before gluing or welding, the company formerly used methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2 Dichloromethane ). On polypropylene (PP) and PVC surfaces methylene chloride has been replaced by ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol ).
Instrumatic A/S - Monday, March 24, 2003

Stabiliser for PVC
In the plastics industry, leaded stabilisers were earlier used in connection with the production of hard PVC blanks. Stabiliser systems based on calcium and zinc compounds can replace lead.
BST Århus - Monday, March 24, 2003

Washing of windows with microfibre cloths
A restaurant used to use a glass cleaning product containing organic solvents for cleaning windows. Today, microfibre cloths are used.
BST Århus - Monday, March 24, 2003

Plasticisers in PVC carpets
A company used phthalate plasticisers with DEHP for the production of PVC-backed carpet tiles. DEPH has now been replaced by DINP.
BST Århus - Monday, March 24, 2003

Fixing of end plugs - from glue to mechanical joining
An iron and metal company used to fix end pieces on tap fittings by means of cyanoacrylate-based glue. The design of the end pieces was changed so that the joining no longer requires gluing, but only mechanical joining.
BST Århus - Monday, March 24, 2003

Substitution of cellulose diluent for cleaning of conveyor belt
Cellulose diluent was used in order to remove residual glue from a conveyor belt. The company now uses methylated spirit instead of cellulose diluent.
BST Lolland-Falster - Monday, March 24, 2003

Acrylate-based surface coating for cardboard
A printing house used UV-hardening acrylate-based surface coatings for the finishing of cardboard. Now, water-based coating is used instead.
JobLiv Danmark as - Monday, March 24, 2003

Cleaning of wells before renovation
In connection with the renovation of wells, the well walls were formerly cleaned using solvent-containing caustic products and products containing fat-dissolving tensides, cultures of bacteria and solvents. Instead, the company now uses a degreasing detergent.
BST Århus - Monday, March 24, 2003

Vulcanisation of remould tyres without the use of a release agent
A company manufacturing remould tyres used a release agent that contained graphite and mica dissolved in heptane in a mould when performing the vulcanisation. By unpacking the tyres immediately after the vulcanisation while they are still hot, the company
BST Århus - Monday, March 24, 2003

Degreasing of rubber before repair/patching
A company in the rubber and plastics industry used to use a degreaser based on chlorated solvents to degrease rubber before repair/patching. This product has now been replaced by a cleaning agent based on citrus oil.
BST Århus - Monday, March 24, 2003

Renovation of sewage system with isocyanate product instead of epoxy product
Epoxy products were formerly used in no-dig renovation of defective sewers. By using isocyanate products with lower code-numbers, quicker hardening and reduced risk of allergy are achieved.
BST Århus - Wednesday, March 19, 2003

Lock spray with hexane and volatile solvents
A company used a lubricant containing the volatile hydrocarbon compounds 1,2-dichlorobenzene (95-50-1 1,2-Dichlorobenzene ) and n-hexane (CAS No. 110-54-3 Hexane ) as a lock spray. An alternative lock spray contains less volatile hydrocarbon mixtures and very small amounts of glycolether and isobutanol.
BST Århus - Wednesday, March 19, 2003

Cleaning agent for removal of polyester residue
A company used the carcinogenic substance dichloromethane (CAS No. 75-09-2 Dichloromethane ) in order to remove polyester residue from mixing chambers. Dichloromethane has been replaced by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS No. 872-50-4 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone ), which must, however, be heated to 60° C and circulated in the chamber for a somewhat longer time.
BST Århus - Monday, March 17, 2003

Replacement of PVC glue by mechanical joining
A company in the rubber and plastics industry used to glue plastic blanks together by means of tetrahydrofuran-containing PVC glue. The company has replaced gluing with mechanical joining methods, e.g. snap joining.
BST Århus - Monday, March 17, 2003

Replacement of trichloroethylene for degreasing of metal
An iron and metal company used trichloroethylene when degreasing metal parts. After a discussion of purity requirements, many of the parts are now cleaned in a closed washing system using alkaline cleaning fluid.
Autobranchens BST - Tuesday, March 11, 2003

Benzine for removal of adhesive from wood
A furniture manufacturer formerly used benzine for removing adhesive residue in the production process. Today, abrasive cream cleaners are used instead.
BST Sjælland - Monday, March 10, 2003

Substitution of xylene in clearing agent for tissue specimens
In hospital laboratories, a series of experiments led to the ester butyldecanoate being used instead of xylene as clearing agent for tissue specimens.
LAB-Link - Wednesday, March 05, 2003

Extraction without using organic solvents
Solid phase micro extraction can replace the use of organic solvents in many extractions at analysis laboratories. The Faculty of Agricultural Sciences has implemented this substitution for types of sample that differ as widely as, e.g., livestock manure and food.
LAB-Link - Wednesday, March 05, 2003

Beta mercaptoethanol or DTE in protein gels?
Beta mercaptoethanol (T) liquid can be replaced in protein gels by dithioerythritol (DTE) powder (Xn). In this example, the advantages and disadvantages of this are discussed. DTE is favoured under the right production conditions.
LAB-Link - Wednesday, March 05, 2003

Abolition of chloroform, hexane and benzene in fatty acid analysis
At a laboratory, chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3 Chloroform ), hexane (CAS No. 110-54-3 Hexane ) and benzene (CAS No. 71-43-2 Benzene ) was used when analysing the fatty acid content of feeding stuffs. Hexane and benzene have been replaced by the far less harmful heptane, and chloroform by tetrahydrofuran and n-heptane.
LAB-Link - Wednesday, March 05, 2003

Preservation of animals using ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol )
For many years, formalin was used when preserving animals at the University of Copenhagen. Formalin is carcinogenic and allergenic. Today, ethanol is used.
Zoologisk Museum - Thursday, November 08, 2007

Cleaning of machines and machine parts by means of vegetable fatty acids
For cleaning of machines and machine parts, organic solvents, e.g. spirit, acetone (CAS No. 67-64-1 Acetone ) and white spirit, can be replaced by products based on vegetable fatty acids.
BST Sjælland - Wednesday, March 05, 2003

Cleaning of cylinders and worms on injection moulding machines
A large plastics company used cleaning agents containing methylmetha acrylate for cleaning cylinders and worms on injection moulding machines. Today, a plastic granulate of SAN and PEHD is used instead.
LEGO System A/S - Wednesday, March 05, 2003

Substitution of lead stabilisers
The rubber and plastics industry's use of lead as stabiliser in certain plastic products can be replaced by stabilisers based on calcium zinc.
BST Sjælland - Tuesday, March 04, 2003

From methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1 Methanol ) to ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol ) for determination of hydrazine in boiler water
For the determination of hydrazine in boiler water, methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1 Methanol ) was formerly used. After substitution, ethanol 96% (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol ) is used in the same method.
Enstedværket, Elsam A/S - Friday, February 28, 2003

Cleaning of refractometer
Petrol was used for refractometer cleaning. Instead, clean water and methylated spirit are now used.
Alfa/Solo - Friday, February 28, 2003

Determination of alkali content in oil
When determining the alkali content in oil, trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6 Trichloroethylene ) and pure ethanol 1:1 (heated) were formerly used. The laboratory changed over to heated methylated spirit (ethanol).
Alfa/Solo - Friday, February 28, 2003

Brominated flame retardants for plastic
In the production of certain plastic blanks, flame retardants are added to the raw material in order to improve its fire safety properties. The brominated flame retardants can be replaced by products based on triphenyl phosphate.
BST Sjælland - Thursday, February 27, 2003

Corrosion protection of moulds
For corrosion protection of moulds, a product containing approximately 70% turpentine was used. Today, a product with mineral oil and lubricant additives is used instead.
LEGO System A/S - Thursday, February 27, 2003

Cleaning of printing blocks
A large company cleaned its printing blocks using ultrasound and methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2 Dichloromethane ), which is skin permeating and carcinogenic. Instead, the company now uses ultrasound and methyl butyl ketone (CAS No. 591-78-6 2-Hexanone ).
LEGO System A/S - Thursday, February 27, 2003

Bonding of ABS plastic
For bonding of ABS plastic, a liquid based on methyl ethyl ketone (CAS No. 78-93-3 2-Butanone ) was used. The liquid has been replaced by gamma-butyrolactone (CAS No. 96-48-0 γ-Butyrolactone ) to which a small amount of plastic material has been added.
LEGO System A/S - Wednesday, February 26, 2003

Anticorrosive agent for steel tubes
To protect steel tube ends against corrosion, an oil-containing agent was used. This agent has been replaced by a coating of foamed polyethylene (PE).
Løgstør Rør A/S - Tuesday, February 25, 2003

Alkaline degreasing of aluminium and steel before powder finishing
Degreasing of steel and aluminium parts with trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6 Trichloroethylene ) has been replaced by degreasing with alkaline degreasers containing phosphates and tensides.
Miljøstyrelsen - Sunday, February 23, 2003

Alkaline degreasing of aluminium before electrophoresis finishing
In a large company, the use of solvents for degreasing of cast aluminium pump cases has been replaced by a combination of shot blasting of the blanks with steel balls, subsequent use of water-based cooling lubricant, washing with water at 60 degrees and degreasing using an alkaline degreasing agent.
Miljøstyrelsen - Sunday, February 23, 2003

Chloroform in analysis laboratories
A laboratory has replaced chloroform (CAS No.67-66-3 Chloroform Chloroform), which is considered carcinogenic, with N-butyl-acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4 Butyl acetate Butylacetate) as extraction solvent when analysing biological samples.
Department of Technology and Social Science, DTU - Sunday, February 23, 2003

Cleaning of machines and machine parts
For removal of oil-residue from machines and machine parts, kerosene can be replaced by products based on alcohol ethoxylate and non-ionic tensides.
Plastmo A/S - Thursday, February 20, 2003

Cyclopentane foaming of hard polyurethane plastic
For foaming of hard polyurethane plastic, a foaming agent consisting of CFC, HCFC and HFC was used. In a new process, these substances can be replaced by cyclopentane.
BST Sjælland - Thursday, February 20, 2003

Carbon dioxide foaming of soft polyurethane plastic
For foaming of soft polyurethane plastic, a foaming agent consisting of CFC, HCFC or HFC was used. In a new process, HFC has been replaced by carbon dioxide (C02).
BST Sjælland - Thursday, February 20, 2003

Cleaning using dibasic esters after polyester casting
Acetone (CAS No. 67-64-1 Acetone ) has been replaced by dibasic esters for cleaning tools and moulds for polyester casting.
BST Sjælland - Thursday, February 20, 2003

Lubricant used when mounting rubber parts
Ethanol as friction-reducing agent replaced by water and sulphone.
AMBU A/S - Wednesday, February 05, 2003

Electro-chemical cleaning of metal parts
Sulphuric acid 96% replaced by nitric acid 5% in electrolytic degreasing.
Brüel & Kjær - Friday, January 24, 2003

Removal of cutting oil from metal parts
Cutting oil on bought-in metal parts was removed by electro-chemical cleaning, first with strong base and then with strong acid. This method has been replaced by cleaning in n-propylbromide in a closed system, supplemented by demands on sub-supplier.
Brüel & Kjær - Friday, January 24, 2003

Spirit-washing of metal parts in cleanroom
Metal parts with very high requirements as regards cleanliness are washed in ethanol. Plasma cleaning is tested as an alternative.
Brüel & Kjær - Friday, January 24, 2003

Removal of flux with vegetable oil and soap
Brüel & Kjær earlier used freon for removing flux residue from metal parts. Now, the parts are soaked in vegetable oil and then washed with mild detergent in an industrial automatic dishwasher. This substitution ensures a more efficient cleaning than with freon.
Brüel & Kjær - Thursday, November 01, 2007

Damping solution with IPA spirit used in offset printing
In offset printing, a damping solution containing isopropanol and bronopol (formaldehyde releaser) as preservative has been replaced by a damping solution containing ethanol and isothiazoline (kathone) as preservative.
BST Sjælland - Thursday, December 05, 2002

Glue for polyamide
Glue containing methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1 Methanol ) for conveyor belt. Instead, ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol ) or a mixture of ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5 Ethanol ) and gamma-butyrolactone is suggested.
BST Sjælland - Thursday, December 05, 2002

Cleaning of small metal parts using alkaline soap product
A small metal company used to remove oil and dirt from metal parts by means of trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6 Trichloroethylene ), which is considered to be carcinogenic. Instead, it has now invested in an ultrasonic bath with an alkaline soap solution.
BST Sjælland - Thursday, December 05, 2002

Anticorrosive paint. From solvent to water
Road grates were formerly immerse-painted in paint containing xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7 dimethylbenzene ) having code-number 2-1, diluted with xylene-containing diluent having code-number 5-3. Water-based paint with code-number 00-1 is now used instead.
BST Sjælland - Thursday, December 05, 2002